Morphology
Morphology:Sperm with abnormally shaped heads are generally incapable of fertilization. Humans, unlike animals often have sperm with abnormalities. According to the World Health Organization(WHO) classification, it can be normal for up to 70 percent of human sperm to be irregularly shaped, including those with heads which are larger or smaller than usual, have narrow heads had to heads with one tail or two tails with one head. Motility Sperm may also have difficulty is moving. The tail of a sperm is designed to thrash about in order to propel itself forward. Some sperm are unable to do this and either move very slowly (normal sperm can reach the fallopian tubes in less than an hour when traveling through favorable mucus), swim erratically in circles or in zigzag patterns, or clump together with other sperm (this is known as agglutination). Motility is important: there is no value in having a high sperm count ifthey cannot reach the egg. it is estimated that with a rate 100 million motile sperm per milliliter there is a 70 percent chance of conceiving with rates of 5 to 10 million per milliliter, this is reduced to 30 percent. It is accepted that in general the incidence of disorders of the male reproductive tract is rising, having more than doubled in the last 30 to 50 years, while sperm count have declined by more than half. Male infertility is increasing, although intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has made available a means treating the symptoms, there is no generally accepted cure for male infertility. In 15 percent of cases no cause can be identified;in the remaining 85 percent a casue can be identified, but it may be descriptive rather than diagnostic. Causes of Male Fertilty are: Genetic Reasons, Delayed descent of tests, Mumps, Chlamydia, Cancer, Varicocele, Irradiation, Cytotoxic drugs, Environmental agents.
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